Saudi Arabia Railways (SAR) is the Kingdom's national railway operator, established in 2006 and fully owned by the Public Investment Fund (PIF). In April 2021, SAR merged with the Saudi Railways Organization (SRO), consolidating the country’s rail infrastructure under a unified entity. SAR operates a comprehensive network encompassing the North Train (Riyadh–Qurayyat), East Train (Riyadh–Dammam), and the Haramain High-Speed Railway (Mecca–Medina). The company is also a key partner in the Saudi Landbridge Project, a US$7 billion initiative connecting the Red Sea to the Arabian Gulf with over 1,400 kilometers of new and upgraded rail lines.